What I was trying to say  is that the volume ejected at the end of systole is up, i.e., increased. My bad. Sorry.

Please replace the note under slide 23 with the following:

Cardiac reserve is a critical concept. It gives you the ability to increase the work your muscles, GI tract, etc . As demanding as running a marathon or rising from a chair. Loss of cardiac reserve = loss of exercise tolerance.

ESV is increased decreased  because of increased contractility or decreased afterload. Both occur and may occur concurrently.

 HR is increased because of a change in autonomic status and/or Bainbridge reflex (more about that later).

EDV is increased because of increased venous return.  Always keep in mind that there is most often blood available in the venous side of the systemic circulation.

rpw

Dear Student Doctors,

Here are the stats for LP1.

So 35% of the class earned  “A”, 46% “B”, etc.

Well done.

Yes, I pitched the horrible thoracic duct question and the ambiguous median glossoepiglottic fold question.  Likewise the Wall, question on which rib for  auscultation from posterior aspect

With regards to t duct, I cannot undo what has been done during a dissection. I understand that it is difficult sometimes to dissect structures and what we see is what we get.  Sometimes things are no longer in the expected position.   We can’t undo that and if there are no better examples available, I have little choice.  We may have better luck once we remove the heart and we can try againJ.  I hope I have helped you prepare for your CM Pulmonary exam on Monday. Good luck with that and …… Take a little time to enjoy your weekend.

rpw

Sorry – Please note correction on slide 17 of today’s lecture. Left lung as only an OBLIQUE fissure. It doesn’t have a horizontal only the right does.  My Bad.

rpw